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Voting blocs definition ap gov tv#

The sunny, late-summer weekend was a swirl of political activity, as candidates held rallies, continued bus tours and cluttered the TV airwaves with advertising offering their closing arguments in advance of the election that concludes Tuesday. Gavin Newsom urged voters Sunday to turn back a looming recall vote that could remove him from office, while leading Republican Larry Elder broadly criticized the media for what he described as double standards that insulated Newsom from criticism and scrutiny throughout the contest.

See the table below for further details.LOS ANGELES (AP) - In a blitz of TV ads and a last-minute rally, California Democratic Gov. California was home to 40 such districts, more than any other state. In 2015, there were 122 majority-minority districts spanning 26 states. For the purposes of this article, a majority-minority district is defined as any district in which a minority group or collection of minority groups comprise a simple majority of the district's population. This was the most recent data available as of June 2017. The table below provides demographic data for each majority-minority district in the United States as of 2015.

"The minority must be able to demonstrate that the white majority votes sufficiently as a bloc to enable it usually to defeat the minority’s preferred candidate.".

"The minority group must be able to show that it is politically cohesive.".

"The minority group must be able to demonstrate that it is sufficiently large and geographically compact to constitute a majority in a single-member district.".

Gingles, the court also established three criteria that must be met in order "to prove claims of vote dilution under section 2 :" The District Court in this case carefully considered the totality of the circumstances and found that in each district racially polarized voting the legacy of official discrimination in voting matters, education, housing, employment, and health services and the persistence of campaign appeals to racial prejudice acted in concert with the multimember districting scheme to impair the ability of geographically insular and politically cohesive groups of black voters to participate equally in the political process and to elect candidates of their choice. Brennan, Jr., wrote the majority opinion, which largely upheld the district court's original ruling. Gingles that five of the aforementioned six districts "discriminated against blacks by diluting the power of their collective vote." Justice William J. On June 30, 1986, the high court ruled unanimously in Thornburg v. The challengers alleged that the new maps "impaired black citizens' ability to elect representatives of their choice in violation of Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act." The district court ruled that six legislative districts violated the Voting Rights Act "by diluting the power of the black vote." The decision was appealed to the Supreme Court of the United States.

The maps were challenged in United States District Court. In 1982, the North Carolina state legislature approved redistricting plans for the North Carolina State Senate and the North Carolina House of Representatives. įederal law permits states and other political subdivisions to create majority-minority districts in order to comply with Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act. No voting qualification or prerequisite to voting, or standard, practice, or procedure shall be imposed or applied by any State or political subdivision to deny or abridge the right of any citizen of the United States to vote on account of race or color. Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 mandates that electoral district lines cannot be drawn in such a manner as to "improperly dilute minorities' voting power." “ Gingles, a case decided by the Supreme Court of the United States in 1986, established a three-part test for proving whether vote dilution in violation of the Voting Rights Act has occurred in a district or districts.

Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act mandates that no "standard, practice, or procedure shall be imposed or applied by any State or political subdivision to deny or abridge the right of any citizen of the United States to vote on account of race or color." In the context of redistricting, federal law provides that majority-minority districts can be created in order to prevent the dilution of minorities' voting strength in compliance with the Voting Rights Act of 1965. This represented approximately 28 percent of the nation's 435 House districts. As of 2015, the United States was home to 122 congressional majority-minority districts. A majority-minority district is a district in which a racial minority group or groups comprise a majority of the district's total population.